Part II Language Focus
Vocabulary Ⅰ.
1.
1. respectable 2. agony 3. put…put…down 4. sequence 5. hold back 6. distribute 7. off and on 8. vivid 9. associate 10. finally 11. turn in 12. tackle
2.
1. has been assigned to the newspaper’s Paris office.
2. was so extraordinary that I didn’t know whether to believe him or not. 3. a clear image of how she would look in twenty years’ time. 4. gave the command the soldiers opened fire. 5. buying bikes we’ll keep turning them out. 3.
1. reputation, rigid, to inspire
2. and tedious, What’s more, out of date ideas 3. 3. compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold backⅡ.
1. composed 2. severe 3. agony
4. extraordinary 5. recall 6. command 7. was violating 8. 8. anticipate Ⅲ.
1. at 2. for 3. of 4. with 5. as 6. about 7. to 8. in, in 9. from 10. on/upon Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ. Cloze 1. 1. hold back 2. tedious 3. scanned 4. recall 5. vivid 6. off and on 7. turn out/in 8. career 2. 1. last 2. surprise 3. pulled 4. blowing 5. dressed 6. scene 7. extraordinary 8. image 9. turn 10.excitement Ⅱ. Translation 1. 1. As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2. His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3. Anticipating that the that the demand the demand for demand for electricity for electricity will electricity will be will be high be high during high during the during the next the next few next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4. It is has been fired for continually ’s safety It is said is said that Bill said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the companyrules. /Bill rules. /Bill is /Bill is said is said to said to have to have been have been fired been fired for fired for continuallyfor continually violating the companythe company’company’s safety rules. 5. It is It is reported is reported that reported that the that the government the government has government has taken has taken proper taken proper measures proper measures to measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to the possibility of a avoidsevere water shortage. 2. Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. face up to One day, whileday, while scanning (through) some (through) some magazines, some magazines, a magazines, a true a true story true story caught story caught her caught her eye her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave aIt gave aIt vividdescription of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly, Susan began to feel that she, too, would inspiredfinally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship I. Vocabulary 1. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. 1) absolutely 2) available 3) every now and then 4) are urging/ urged 5) destination 6) mostly 7) hangs out 8) right away 9) reunion 10) or something 11) estimate 12) going ahead 2. Rewriting 1) It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind. 2) He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game.
3) She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. 4) Somethinghas come up and I am afraid I won’t be able to accomplish the project on time.
5) The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million.
3. Complete the sentences.
1) were postponed the awful is estimated 2) reference not available an kind of 3) not much of a teacher skips go ahead
II. Collocation 1. to 2. for 3. at 4. from 5. in 6. to on 7. on 8. with
III. Usage
1. more or less 2. kind of/ sort of 3. something
4. kind of/ sort of 5. more or less 6. or something
Comprehensive exercises I. Cloze
1. text-related 1) choked up 2) awful 3) practically 4) neighborhood 5) correspondence 6) available
7) destination 8) reunion 9) Mostly
10) postponing 11) absolutely
2. Theme-related 1) how
2) savings
3) embarrassment 4) phone 5) interrupted 6) touch 7) envelop 8) signed 9) message 10) needed
II. Translation
1. Translate the sentences. 1) Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.
2) Mary seems to be very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.
3) Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.
4) He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through WWⅡ.
5) Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.
2. Translate the passage.
It is not easy to keep in touch with friends far away. This is true in my case.
It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends there. I have been meaning to write to them but things come up and I just don’t seem to find the time. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up
correspondence with them in the future. Unit 3 I Vocabulary 1 1) brief 2) in terms of 3) cut off 4) tend 5) anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8) initiative 9) convey 10) in two minds 11) concept 12) grasp 2 1) has ensured their team a place in the Cup final. 2)medical workers2)medical workers’workers’ responsibility to responsibility to heal to heal the heal the wounded the wounded and wounded and rescue and rescue the rescue the dying. 3)entertain as well as educate the learner. 4)can do without air and water. 5)is likely to be held in June. 3 1)lies in contact between 2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment 3)the steady will be highly II Word Formation 1 regained 2 undecided 3 undersupplied 4 disabled 5 precondition 6 foresight 7 mispronounced 8 enrich IIIAntonyms 1) majority 2) accepted 3)increased 4)weaknesses 5) local 6) late 7)wrong 8)false Comprehensive exercises I Close 1.Text-related 1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient 6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure 2. Theme-related 1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another 6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10) Someday II Translation 1) As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with. 2) Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this applicants this year this year as year as we as we did we did last did last year/ last year/ there year/ there are there are five are five times five times as times as many as many applicants this year as there were last year. 3) As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development. 4) The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay. 5) To 5) To understand To understand a understand a great a great international great international event, international event, we, event, we, first we, first of first of all, of all, need all, need to need to consider the historical and political background to it. 2 It 2 It is hard is hard to hard to imagine to imagine how imagine how our how our forefathers our forefathers could forefathers could do without do without so without so many so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about. Back then only a small a small proportion small proportion of proportion of the of the population enjoyed population enjoyed the enjoyed the comforts the comforts of comforts of life. The life. The majority didn’t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of privilege of being of being educated. being educated. However, educated. However, many people many people blame people blame modern blame modern technology for creating so many problems. They want to slow down the rate of progress. But no one can put the clock back. Vocabulary 1) wreck 2) balance 3) approaching 4) handle 5) discard 6) Above all 7) diet 8) do with 9) checked on 10) cleaned up 11) weekly 12) principles 2. 1) to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died. 2) was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world. 3) for turned down by many a 3) for a for a loan has been a loan has been turned down by many a bank a bank as her business her business is business is small and she could provide no guarantee. 4) express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her. 5) will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time. 3. 1) for sale hunting for be amazed by 2) become skilled handle their loans Unit 4 3)character by calling on he passed away II Confusable words 1. 1) personal 2) personnel 2. 1) sometime 2) Sometimes 3)some time 4) sometime III Euphemism de hcgabf Comprehensive Exercises I Close 1. Text-related 1)sponsored 2)determination 3) turned away 4) assumed 5) capacity 6)skilled 7)loan 8) character 9) hunting 10) for sale 11) send for 2. Theme-related 1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4) grow 5) dream 6) immigrants 7)business 8) engineering 9)invest 10) rich III Translation 1) It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides. 2) Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes. 3) Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property. 4) I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it. 5) Helen lacks confidence. I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself. I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself. 2. After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business. At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan. But he was not was not a not a bit a bit discouraged, bit discouraged, and discouraged, and continued and continued to continued to call to call on call on one on one banker one banker after banker after another seeking help. Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally banker finally agreed finally agreed to agreed to loan to loan him loan him the him the money. the money. Now money. Now he Now he has he has become has become a become a wealthy businessman. Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities. Unit 5 Vocabulary I.1 1) monthly 2) acquaintances 3)classic 4) look; in the eye 5)manufactured 6) options 7)finance 8) replacement 9) survived 10) pick out 11) married 12) grabbed at 2. 1) survived a car crash that killed both her parents. 2) almost 2) almost embarrassed almost embarrassed to embarrassed to death to death when death when Sarah when Sarah read Sarah read my read my poem my poem out poem out to out to the to the whole class. 3) of the Children’s Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils. 4) several 4) several phone several phone calls phone calls making calls making inquiries making inquiries about inquiries about the about the position the position of position of the of the Chief the Chief Financial Officer. 5) straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club. 3. 1) inquiry; died of hunger; people survied2) Instantly; give up his; retire; replace him; executive 3) his beloved; odd jobs; and all that II Word Formation 1. embarrassment 2. embarrassment 2. survivors 2. survivors 3. survivors 3. newly 3. newly 4. newly 4. marketable 4. marketable 5. marketable 5. monthly 5. monthly 6. monthly 6. competition 7. conceivable 8. respectable III. Usage 1. the poor 2. The deceased/The dead 3. the disabled 4. the French 5. The accused 6. the young 7. the unemployed 8. the latter…the former… Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. Text-related 1) died of died of 2) of 2) instantly 2) instantly 3) instantly 3) classic 3) classic 4)ask classic 4)ask around 4)ask around 5) around 5) surviving 5) surviving 6) surviving 6) retire 6) retire 7)executive 8) replacement 9) stock 10) look…in the eye 2. Theme-related 1) impressed 2) impressed 2) diligence 2) diligence 3) diligence 3) Instead 3) Instead 4) Instead 4) Contrary 4) Contrary 5) Contrary 5) professionally 5) professionally 6) professionally 6) perform 7) personal 8) balance 9) commitment 10) revealed II. Translation 1. 1) I’m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you’d better ask around. 2) Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall. 3) Michael 3) Michael was Michael was survived by three by three sons, three sons, two sons, two daughters, two daughters, and daughters, and his and his wife his wife Elizabeth. 4) As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market. 5) W5) We small e small retailers small retailers canretailers can’can’t compete with supermarkets in supermarkets in pricing in pricing and pricing and sales. 2. My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm. He works six days a week. Every day he has to various kinds various kinds straighten outof problems so that he often stays up late/nights. However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family. On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and us as much as he can. To my cares forgreatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us. Unit 6 Vocabulary Ⅰ 1. 1) Fertile 2) Reflected 3) Overseas 4) Slim 5) Split 6) Sustained 7) Glow 8) Thrust 9) Keen 10) Bud 11) Previous 12) Whichever 2. 1) The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroom disgusts me. 2) Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother. 3) A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities. 4) I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn’t hear Martin come in. 5) The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball. 3. 1) to broaden; make their way 2) disgusts; take a chance on 3) the grand; and overseas; reflected Ⅱ 1. 1) frightened 2) afraid/ frightened 2. 1) alike/similar 2) similar 3. 1) alive 2) living 4. 1) sleeping 2) asleep Ⅲ 1. 1) disappointed 2) disappointment 3) disappointing 4) disappoint 5) disappointingly 6) disappointing 2. 1) attractive 1) attractive 2) attract 2) attract 3) attraction 3) attraction 4) attractively 4) attractively 5) unattractively 6) unattractive Comprehension Exercises ⅠCloze 1. Text-related 1) Identifying 2) gripped 2) gripped 3) margins 3) margins 4)corresponding 5) overseas 5) overseas 6)little 7)hesitate 8)grateful 9) made my way 10) going my way 2. Theme-related 1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4) another 5) threw 6) deliberately 7) reasoned 8) himself 9) restaurant 10) matter ⅡTranslation 1. 1) Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply. 2) Never tell Never tell my tell my parents my parents about parents about my about my injuries my injuries and injuries and I’ll and I’ll be I’ll be very be very grateful very grateful to grateful to you (for it). 3) At the At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment. 4) The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure. 5) It was It was very was very thoughtful very thoughtful of thoughtful of the of the hostess the hostess to hostess to give to give the give the house the house a house a thorough a thorough cleaning before we arrived. 2. Not rich Not rich himself, rich himself, Uncle himself, Uncle Li Uncle Li never Li never hesitates never hesitates to hesitates to help to help others. help others. Previous others. Previous to/Before his retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire keen desire to desire to study. to study. From study. From then From then on then on he on he sent he sent them sent them money them money regularly. money regularly. Later the Later the two the two made two made their made their way their way to way to college, to college, and college, and even and even got even got a got a chance a chance to chance to study overseas. Unit 7 Content Questions Pair Work 1. He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to. 2. Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence in their daily life. 3. He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence. 4. She wanted to get more pineapple. 5. He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two. 6. It shows he is clever and sly. He ate up the fruit leaving nothing but stems to share with Miles. 7. They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so. 8. The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but he doesn’t think their explanation is satisfactory enough. 9. Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had worked with. 10. Corky is a female whale because she is Orky’s mate and delivered a baby whale. 11. Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible. 12. Towan hid his orange underneath his foot. The act reveals some animals are intelligent enough to know how to deceive. Text Organization 1. Eugene Linden wants Linden wants to tell to tell the tell the reader the reader that reader that animals that animals do animals do have, do have, at have, at least, at least, some least, some limited some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide. 2. Let’s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people. : Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly. Tale of a Whale: Animals can attempt to deceive. : Animals can attempt to deceive. Primate Shell Game Language Sense Enhancement 1. (1) controversy (2) consciousness (3) explore (4) serves their own purposes (5) encounter (6) lack of it (7) convinced (8) mental feats (9) captivity (10) humans Language Focus I. Vocabulary 5) encountered 6) has cooperated 7) assessed 8) (had) switched 9) horizons 10) gaze 11) disaster 12) wiped out 2. 1) … a long/long running controversy over whether the book should be published or not 2) … felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly 3) ... suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay 4) …4) … is obvious is obvious that obvious that our that our company our company is company is still is still maintaining still maintaining its maintaining its composition its composition as composition as market as market leader market leader in leader in software. 5) … give in until they give her a pay rise 3. 1) have undertaken, original, to explore 2) evidence convinced, underneath, extending to 3) to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, explore II. Confusable Words 1. firstly 2. first, first 3. At first 4. First/Firstly 5. first 6. First 7. at first 8. first III. Usage 1. animal intelligence whose 2. zoo keeper where 3. eye contact through what 4. money supply of what 5. killer whale what kind 6. baby whale how old 7. family member of what 8. sea turtle what kind/where Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. 1) go (very) far 2) has expanded 3) in the interest(s) of 4) only to 1. (1) emergency (2) evidence (3) original (4) sizing up (5) negotiates (6) reveal (7) make a deal (8) dominant (9) in their interest(s) (10) deceiving (11) controversy (12) judgment (13) explore 2. (1) protect (2) However (3) type (4) situation (5) sights (6) together (7) rang (8) associate (9) without (10) environment II. Translation 2) Let’s —you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight. I’ll let you use it tonight. make a deal3) We got to the village which we thought must have been in the severe earthquake, in the severe earthquake, wiped out only to find it slightly damaged. 4) My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrivethrive in that condition 5) Mystery still’s death/exact circumstance of the exact truth behind the film star surrounds the exact truth behind the film starthe film star’s death. 2. When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown. There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male. They were dept in a huge iron cage t, but later at firswere released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill. Twenty years later Irevisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatlyextended.Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two! 1. 1) A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed. Unit 8 Pair work 1. She was amazed at the author’s ability to do mental calculation. 2. Children can’t spell correctly; their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent 3. He didnHe didn’didn’t want t want to want to compete to compete with compete with the with the hard-working the hard-working Asians hard-working Asians at Asians at U.C.L.A. at U.C.L.A. He U.C.L.A. He preferred He preferred a preferred a less a less intellectually challenging life. 4. A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force. 5. To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today’s teenagers. 6. He is fed up with the book he is forced to red. 7. They can’t read or write. They place their hopes on their children. 8. He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese. 9. Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline. 10. Americans stop demanding good education foe children. Machines do all the complex work and there and there is there is little is little manual little manual work manual work to work to be to be done. be done. America done. America is America is poorer is poorer than poorer than Japan than Japan and Japan and European and European countries. 11. Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes. 12. He finally comes to realize the importance of study. Work on your own 1. Part one paras.1-10 Teenagers’ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole. Part two paras.11-24 Kevin 1990 comes 1990 comes to comes to realize to realize in realize in his in his dream his dream how dream how greatly how greatly lack greatly lack of lack of education of education costs education costs his costs his forebears, his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard. 2. Part one Teenagers’Teenagers’ intellectual laziness and ignorance Part two Kevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life. America is on the decline. There is no law and order in the country. America children have no chance to receive a good education. Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians. Language sense enhancement Indifference (1) Summed up (2) Preferred (3) Financial （4） Accumulated （5） Intellectual （6） Affect （7） Industrial （8） Idle （9） Break down （10） Vocabulary I 1. 1. industrial 2. idle 3. is functioning 4. intellectual 5. scared 6. handful 7. luxury 8. private 9. work up 10. slice 11. miracle 12. was jammed 2. 1. to be seriously affected by the rise in gas prices。 2. is a matter of total indifference to me. 3. drove home the point that they needed extra people 4. was found after they searched for it for a long time 5. had run out of water by the time they got to the camp 3. 1. manual and complex its financial 2. was very upset make a living by swore was/became much better off 3. handfulignorant of paintings/ works summed up II 1. The young man made $5 an hour in his summer job. 2. What made you change your mind? 3. I’m sure Jason will make a good lawyer. I’m sure Jason will make a good lawyer. 4. The vet put something down the dog’s throat to make it vomit. 5. The story makes interesting reading. 6. Five and five make ten. 7. On foot they can only make about 20 miles a day. 8. I don’t think she’ll ever really make it to the top III 1 (1) developing (2) develop (3) development (4) develop (5) developing developed 2 (1) amazed (2) amazes (3) amazingly (4) amazing (5) amazement Comprehensiveexercise I. CLOZE 1. TEXT-RELATED (1) complex (2) idle (3) make a living by (4) accumulated (5) affect (6) function (7) faculties (8) ignorant (9) wake up 2. THEME-RELATED (1) dormitory (2) passing (3) leaping (4) department (5) burned (6) destroyed (7) seriously (8) marriages (9) report (10) perspective II TRANSLATION 1) Without his personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to get/ be employed as a teacher. 2) With enough ice, we would be able to chill the drinks. 3) In my ’sleisure. humblehumbleopinion, reading us the most pleasant way to spend one4) Some people said it was simply a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. 5) The washing machine has so we have to wash our clothes by hand. so we have to wash our clothes by hand. broken down, This morning I heard an interesting piece of news over my portable radio: a man of 36 and his son of 10 attend the same class competing with each other for high marks. The story goes/ It’s like this: The man, Li Wei by name, was too idle to learn anything when young. With little education, with no useful skills, he could hardly earn an adequate living wage. His life experiences to drove homehim the point that he had to acquire knowledge before he was able to accumulate wealth. So Li Wei swore that he would go to school with his son, determined to learn.
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