Water Repellency: Spray Test
Developed in 1941 by AATCC Commit-tee RA63; revised 1952, 1996, 2001,2005; reaffirmed 1943, 1961, 19,1967, 1971, 1974, 1977, 1980, 1985,19; editorially revised 1987. Techni-cally equivalent to ISO 4920.
1. Purpose and Scope
1.1This test method is applicable toany textile fabric, which may or may nothave been given a water-repellent finish.It measures the resistance of fabrics towetting by water. It is especially suitablefor measuring the water-repellent effi-cacy of finishes applied to fabrics.
method depend on the resistance to wet-1.2 The results obtained with this testting or water repellency of the fibers,yarns and finishes on the fabric, and uponthe construction of the fabric.
2. Principle
2.1 Water sprayed against the taut sur-face of a test specimen under controlledconditions produces a wetted patternwhose size depends on the repellency ofthe fabric. Evaluation is accomplished bycomparing the wetted pattern with pic-tures on a standard chart.
3. Terminology
the characteristic of a fiber, yarn or fabric3.1water repellency, n.—in textiles,to resist wetting.
3.2 face, n.—in textiles, the side of afabric that is intended to be the outer visi-ble surface in an end product.
4. Safety Precautions
for information purposes only. The pre-NOTE:These safety precautions arecautions are ancillary to the testing proce-dures and are not intended to be all inclu-sive. It is the user’s responsibility to usesafe and proper techniques in handlingmaterials in this test method. Manufac-turers MUST be consulted for specificdetails such as material safety data andother manufacturer’s recommendations.All OSHA standards and rules must alsobe consulted and followed.
he followed. Wear safety glasses in all4.1Good laboratory practices shouldlaboratory areas.
5. Uses and Limitations
5.1 The portability and simplicity ofthe instrument, and the shortness andsimplicity of the test procedure, makethis method of test especially suitable for
AATCC Technical Manual/2006
Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
screening finishes. It is not intended,imum of 4 h before testing.
however, for use in predicting the proba-ble rain penetration resistance of fabrics,since it does not measure penetration ofshould contain different groups of length-7.2 Where possible, each specimenwater through the fabric. For testing rainwise and widthwise yarns.
penetration, AATCC Method 35, Water8. Procedure
Resistance: Rain Test, should be used.
8.1 Calibrate the apparatus by pouring6. Apparatus and Materials
250 mL of distilled water at 27 ± 1°C (80± 2°F) into the funnel of the tester and6.1 AATCC Spray Tester (see 11.1,measure the time required for the funnelFigs. 1, 2, 2A and 3).
to empty.
6.2 Graduated cylinder, 250 mL.8.1.1 The spray time must be between6.3 Water, distilled.25-30 s, otherwise the nozzle should be6.4 Stopwatch (see 8.3)
checked to see if the holes are enlarged orblocked.
7. Test Specimens
in the 152.4 mm (6.0 in.) diameter hoop8.2 Fasten the test specimen securely7.1 Three test specimens 180.0 × 180.0so that the face of the fabric specimenmm (7.0 be conditioned at 65 ± 2% relative hu-× 7.0 in.) are needed and shouldwill be exposed to the water spray. Thesurface of the specimen should be smoothmidity and 21 ± 1°C (70 ± 2°F) for a min-
and without wrinkles.
Fig. 1—Spray test rating chart.
TM 22-200565
Not for Resale
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tester with the fabric uppermost in such a8.3 Place the hoop on the stand of theposition that the center of the spray pat-tern coincides with the center of the hoop(see Fig. 2A).
8.3.1 In the case of twills, gabardines,piques or fabrics with similar ribbed con-struction, place the hoop on the stand insuch a way that the fabric is oriented inthe same direction as it will be used in theend product.
8.4 Pour 250 mL of distilled water at27 ± 1°C (80 ± 2°F) into the funnel of thetester and allow it to spray onto the testspecimen for 25-30 s.
8.4.1 Avoid touching the funnel withthe graduated cylinder while pouring thedistilled water. Movement of the funnelwill alter the spray disposition on thespecimen.
and tap the opposite edge firmly once8.5 Take the hoop by the bottom edgeagainst a solid object with the fabricfacing the object, then rotate the hoop180° and tap once more on the point
66TM 22-2005
Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
---`,,`,`,,`,,`-`-````,,,,```,,`-Fig. 2A—Details of AATCC spray tester.
-Fig. 3—Nozzle for spray tester.
AATCC Technical Manual/2006
Not for Resale
previously held.
8.6 Repeat steps 8.2 through 8.5 for allthree specimens.
9. Evaluation and Report
9.1 Immediately after tapping, com-pare the wet or spotted pattern with therating chart (see Fig. 1). Rate the face ofthe specimen. Each test specimen is as-signed a rating corresponding to the near-est level on the rating chart.
9.1.1 Intermediate ratings can be usedfor ratings of 50 or higher (95, 85, 75, 60)(see flow chart in Appendix A).
9.1.2 In rating loosely woven or porousfabrics, such as voile, any passage of wa-ter through the openings of the fabric isdisregarded.
9.2 Report the individual rating resultsfor each test specimen. Do not averagethe results.
10. Precision and Bias
10.1 Precision. Precision of this testmethod is based on interlaboratory testsconducted in 1994, using six laboratories,three fabrics, two operators per labora-tory and three determinations per fabric.Separate tests were run on two days. Thedata sets from each lab were combinedfor analysis, which required averagingthe individual ratings. There were no sig-nificant differences found between days.10.1.1 The Spray Rating Scale is dis-crete and discontinuous, but results arebased on averages which tend to normal-ity. Also, ratings are assigned against de-veloped grade standards (photographs),rather than by arbitrary visual assign-
ment. For these reasons, RA63 has madea judgment that analysis of variance beused in determining the precision of thismethod, without correction for disconti-nuity.
10.1.2 The three fabrics used in thisstudy cover a range of 100 to 80 SprayRating. Obviously, this is a limited studyupon which to base a statement of preci-sion for the method. It is the best andonly estimate of precision currently avail-able. Users of the test method should beguided accordingly. In making fabriccomparisons for Spray Rating, laborato-ries are encouraged to establish their lev-els by running fabrics of known perfor-mance prior to any test comparisons, andto bring the practice of the test methodunder statistical control.
10.1.3 Plant experience consistentlyhas shown variation in spray ratings neara grade of 100 to be quite small, with in-creasing variation as the grade goeslower. This has been verified again, inthis limited study. For this reason, criticaldifference tables are shown for tworanges.
10.1.4 Single fabric precision parame-ters for two fabric levels are given in Ta-bles I and II.
10.2 Bias. This test method has noknown bias. There is no referee methodby which to determine the true value ofSpray Rating and to find any existing biasin this methodology.
11. Notes
11.1 The AATCC Spray Test Unit consist-ing of hoop, nozzle, funnel, stand and SprayTest Rating Chart is available from AATCC,
Table I—Spray Rating Range—80
Components of Variance
Vlab=17.2222Vop=9.2593Verr=9.3750
Single Fabric Precision ParametersN12345
Single Operator8.56.04.94.23.8
Within Laboratory12.010.4 9.8 9.4 9.2
Between Laboratory16.615.515.114.914.8
Table II—Spray Rating Range—100
Components of Variance
Vlab=0
Vop=0.6945Verr=4.4841
Single Fabric Precision ParametersN12345
Single Operator5.94.23.42.92.6
Within Laboratory
6.34.84.13.73.5
Between Laboratory
6.34.84.13.73.5
P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park NC27709; tel: 919/549-8141; fax: 919/ 549-33;e-mail: orders@aatcc.org; SDL Atlas L.L.C.,1813A Associate Lane, Charlotte NC 28217;tel: 704/329-0911; fax: 704/329-0914; e-mail:info@sdlatlas.com; or Advanced Testing In-struments Corp., 316D Business Pkwy., GreerSC 29651-7119; tel: 8/9-0566; fax: 8/9-0567; e-mail: aticorporation@cs.com.
Appendix A
Flow Chart of Evaluation and Report
Calibrate spray time to
25–30 seconds. Calibrate water
temperature to 27 ± 2°C.Spray sample; Tap firmly twice.
Yes
Is therea wet spray pattern?
No
Rate fromthe pictures,0 to 90.
Yes
Are
water dropletsclinging to the surface
fibrils?
No
Rating = 95Rating = 100
AATCC Technical Manual/2006
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---TM 22-2005
Not for Resale
67
Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCC
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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